A debtor who attempts to evade payment by transferring assets faces the cancellation suit (tasarrufun iptali davası).
Conditions
1) The transfer occurred within a defined window before enforcement, 2) The debtor was insolvent, 3) The transferee knew or should have known the debtor's intent.
Look-back periods
Gifts: 2 years before enforcement. Sales below value: 1 year. Full transfers: 3 years if intent to evade is shown.
Evidence
Family ties between debtor and transferee, low sale price, timing close to debt creation, debtor's continued use of the asset. All indicia.
Effect
The transfer is void only as against the creditor (not the transferee). The asset is attached and sold; surplus returns to the transferee. This protects bona-fide third parties.
Time limit
5 years from the transfer. More important: act fast — each new transfer makes proof harder.