Disciplinary sanctions range from warning to dismissal. The servant can defend on two levels — administrative and judicial.
Sanction levels
Warning, censure, salary reduction, suspension, dismissal. Each has its grounds and procedure.
Administrative appeal (7 days)
Within 7 days of notification, to the next-higher authority. A strict deadline that many miss.
Lawsuit at administrative court (60 days)
After the appeal's rejection (or 60-day silence), within 60 days. Strict deadline.
Grounds for annulment
Lack of authority (wrong body), formal defects (procedure not followed), absence of cause, error in legal application, disproportionate sanction.
Defence rights during inquiry
Notice of inquiry, written and oral defence, file inspection, calling witnesses, challenging experts. Violations are independent grounds for annulment.
Compensation
On annulment, the servant recovers all entitlements — salary, allowances, lost promotions.