Turkish consumer law makes arbitration mandatory for smaller disputes — only after that does the courthouse open.
Arbitration board (Hakem Heyeti)
Jurisdiction up to annual thresholds (2026: ~30,000 TL at district level, ~60,000 TL at provincial). Free filing, decision within 6 months. The award is enforceable like a judgment.
Consumer court
For higher amounts, or after rejection. Counsel-filed, 1–2 years, broader chance of success.
How to choose
Low value + clear evidence → board. Higher value + complex facts → court. The choice affects success and cost.
Typical claims
Defective goods, poor service, misleading advertising, unfair contract terms, unjustified bank fees, useless insurance.
Enforcement
The board's award works like a court judgment. Non-compliance opens enforcement directly.
Time limits
General limitation periods (5–10 years depending on the matter). But move fast — proof gets harder over time.