The state can expropriate property for public purposes (roads, schools, dams). The constitution guarantees just compensation — but in practice it often must be litigated.
Procedure
The administration first offers a settlement. If rejected, the case moves to the judicial valuation procedure.
Expert report
Three court-appointed experts assess location, area, zoning status, and comparable sales. Their report is the basis for the final award.
Valuation criteria
Market value, future use possibilities, zoning plan, recent comparable sales. Distant theoretical possibilities are excluded.
Challenging experts
A second expertise can be requested if the first is incomplete or inaccurate. The owner has the right to attend and comment.
Moral damages
In some cases (long-occupied home, emotional impact), moral damages can also be sought.
Payment before transfer
The state cannot take the property before full payment of compensation. This is a constitutional right.