Turkish inheritance law protects close heirs through unrenounceable reserved shares. Dispositions that violate them can be attacked by the reduction suit (tenkis davası).
Who is reserved
Descendants (children, grandchildren): 1/2 of the legal share. Surviving spouse: 3/4 of the legal share or full share, depending on combination. Parents: 1/4 — only when no descendants.
What is attacked
Lifetime gifts, life-insurance designations, will dispositions. Gifts in the last 1 year are automatically counted.
Time limit
1 year from the heir's knowledge of the violation, 10 years maximum from death. Strict.
Evidence
Expert reports, asset valuations, registry records, bank statements. Preparation before death greatly eases proof.
Order of reduction
When reserved shares are violated, dispositions are reduced in order: will dispositions first, then gifts from the most recent backwards.